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Format: Multiple choices, multiple answers
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NEW QUESTION # 19
A 70-year-old patient has a sudden onset of difficulty breathing with throat and chest tightness after working outside. The EMT auscultates bilateral wheezes. The vital signs are BP 60/44, P 128, R 28, and SpO# 90% on room air. Which of the following treatments should the EMT administer?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
The symptoms and vital signs (wheezing, hypotension, high pulse rate, respiratory distress) are strongly indicative ofanaphylaxis, which is alife-threatening allergic reaction. Bilateral wheezing and hypotension further confirm systemic involvement. Thefirst-line treatment is intramuscular epinephrine, which:
* Reverses bronchospasm (via beta-2 adrenergic effects)
* Raises blood pressure (via alpha-1 vasoconstriction)
* Improves airway tone and reduces mucosal edema
A metered-dose inhaler may help in mild bronchospasm but is insufficient duringanaphylactic shock.
Positive pressure ventilations are a secondary measure if respiratory failure occurs. Nitroglycerin is contraindicated due to low BP.
References:
NREMT Medical/Obstetrics/Gynecology Guidelines - Allergic Reactions
AHA ACLS Provider Manual (2020), Section on Anaphylaxis
National EMS Education Standards - Immune System Emergencies
NEW QUESTION # 20
Which of the following is the most reliable indicator of effective respiration in a patient?
Answer: A
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
Mental statusreflects perfusion and oxygen delivery to thebrain, which is highly sensitive to hypoxia and hypercapnia. Even if respiratory rate and SpO# are normal, altered mental status suggests ineffective gas exchange or hypoperfusion.
Pulse oximetry may be falsely normal in CO poisoning or poor perfusion. Skin color is subjective and not as sensitive or specific as neurological status.
References:
NREMT Assessment Standards - Airway & Neurological Assessment
AHA BLS Manual - Recognition of Effective Ventilation
Brady Emergency Care (13th ed.) - Patient Assessment and Respiratory Emergencies
NEW QUESTION # 21
What are possible complications of using continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP)? Select the two correct options.
Answer: A,E
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
CPAPworks by delivering continuous positive pressure to keep alveoli open and improve oxygenation.
However, complications include:
* Hypotension: Due to reduced venous return and cardiac preload
* Feeling of suffocation: Common psychological reaction to a tight-fitting mask and forced airflow It isused to treat, not cause, pulmonary edema. It doesnot induce bronchospasmor myocardial infarction.
References:
NREMT Airway & Ventilation Guidelines
National EMS Education Standards - Noninvasive Positive Pressure Ventilation AAOS EMT Textbook (11th ed.), CPAP and Respiratory Distress Management
NEW QUESTION # 22
A law enforcement officer requests that you place the clothes from a sexual assault victim in a bag for transport to the hospital. Which type of bag should you use?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
In cases ofsexual assault, preservingevidence integrityis critical. Clothing or other forensic evidence must be placed inpaper bags. Plastic or non-breathable materials can trap moisture, promotingmold or degradation of evidencelike DNA or bodily fluids.
This approach follows chain-of-custody protocols used by law enforcement and medical facilities for handling forensic material.
References:
NREMT EMS Operations - Evidence Preservation and Forensics
U.S. Department of Justice: "A National Protocol for Sexual Assault Medical Forensic Examinations" National EMS Education Standards - Legal and Ethical Principles
NEW QUESTION # 23
While responding to an emergency, a car is tailgating the ambulance. Which of the following actions should the EMT take?
Answer: C
Explanation:
Comprehensive and Detailed Explanation From Exact Extract:
In situations where a vehicle is tailgating an emergency unit, tapping the brakes briefly is a standard defensive driving maneuver to alert the driver behind to increase distance. It is less risky than slowing dramatically or pulling over, which could endanger crew or delay response.
Speeding up could reduce your reaction window or increase accident risk. EMS operators must follow safe driving practices per NFPA 1002 and DOT Emergency Vehicle Operation Guidelines.
References:
NREMT Operations Section - Driving and Scene Safety
NFPA 1002: Standard for Fire Apparatus Driver/Operator Professional Qualifications
U.S. DOT: Emergency Vehicle Operator Course (EVOC)
NEW QUESTION # 24
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